Science Behind Body Odour and How ABCC11 Gene Plays a Role
Body odour, particularly from underarms, is something many people try to manage daily. But did you know that whether you even produce strong body odour might be written in your genes?
One specific gene – ABCC11 – plays a surprisingly important role in how much (or little) body odour your body generates.
What is the ABCC11 Gene?
The ABCC11 gene encodes a protein involved in transporting certain molecules across cell membranes, including in the apocrine sweat glands located in the underarms. A specific variant (or mutation) of this gene affects whether a person produces a type of sweat that bacteria can break down into smelly compounds.
Those with the “functional” version of ABCC11 tend to secrete more odour-producing substances, while those with a non-functioning variant produce much less – often resulting in little to no body odour.
Why East Asians Don’t Smell as Much
Research has shown that a large percentage of East Asians (especially Koreans, Chinese, and Japanese) carry the non-functional version of the ABCC11 gene, meaning they naturally produce minimal underarm odour. In fact:
- Over 95% of Koreans have the non-odour-causing variant
- Comparatively, only 2% of Europeans and 3% of Africans carry this variant
This stark difference even affects earwax type: those with the non-functioning ABCC11 gene also tend to have dry earwax, while those with the body-odour-producing variant usually have wet earwax.
What If You Have Body Odour?
If you’re not among those lucky to have this gene variant that minimises odour, don’t worry – there are several effective ways to manage it, depending on your comfort level and needs.
CLINICAL ANTIPRESPERANTS These contain aluminium salts that block sweat glands, reducing moisture that bacteria feed on.
BOTOX INJECTIONS Botulinum toxin isn’t just for wrinkles. It can also be injected into the underarms, palms of the hands, or any part of the body that has an increased sweat production. It temporarily blocks the nerves that trigger sweat glands. Results typically last for 4 to 6 months, and it’s FDA-approved for hyperhidrosis.
MICROWAVE THERAPY This non-invasive procedure uses microwave energy to permanently destroy sweat glands in the underarms. It may be effective but can also be costly.
SURGICAL OPTIONS For more severe cases, some people may opt for surgery to remove sweat glands – but these are generally considered as a last resort as it is invasive.
LIFESTYLE AND HYGIENE You can also consider making changes to your lifestyle habits. Showering 1 to 2 times a day, wearing breathable fabrics, and applying natural deodorants with antibacterial properties can help reduce odour.
Diet can also play a role in determining the severity of the odour. Some foods such as red meats, garlic, and alcohol may worsen body odour in some individuals.
Body odour isn’t just about hygiene – it can be tied to your genetics. The ABCC11 gene provides a fascinating example of how evolution and biology play an integral role in our lives. While many East Asians naturally lack strong body odour thanks to their genetic makeup, effective treatments are available for everyone else looking to manage sweat and stay fresh.
Whether you’re looking for a quick fix like botulinum toxin sweat reduction or a permanent solution like surgery, understanding the science behind the smell can help you choose the best approach for your body.
